The standard valuation is one point for a pawn, three points for a knight or bishop, five points for a rook, and nine points for a queen. Similar ideas apply to placing rooks on open files and knights on active, central squares. In a closed game with lines of protected pawns blocking bishops, however, knights usually become relatively more potent. For example, in an open game, bishops are relatively more valuable they can be positioned to control long, open diagonal spaces. As the game develops, the relative values of the pieces will also change. The value assigned to a piece attempts to represent the potential strength of the piece in the game. Except for castling and the knight's move, no piece may jump over another piece. A square may hold only one piece at any given time. Captured pieces are immediately removed from the game. A capturing piece replaces the opponent piece on its square, except for an en passant capture by a pawn. Pieces other than pawns capture in the same way that they move. If the pawn reaches a square on the back rank of the opponent, it promotes to the player's choice of a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. A pawn can perform a special type of capture of an enemy pawn called en passant ("in passing"), wherein it captures a horizontally adjacent enemy pawn that has just advanced two squares as if that pawn had only advanced one square. When there is an enemy piece one square diagonally ahead of a pawn, then the pawn may capture that piece.
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